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The Moss–Horten Ferry is an automobile ferry on Norwegian National Highway 19 that connects the counties of Østfold and Vestfold at the quays of Moss and Horten. The crossing of Oslofjord is performed with three double-ended ferries operated by Bastø Fosen, making the crossing in 30 minutes, with departures twice an hour. In 2008 the line had a daily ridership of 3720 people and 4086 vehicles. It is the most trafficked car ferry line in Norway.〔 〕 ==History== Ferry crossings in the outer Oslofjord have been documented back to 1582 when the notes of Bishop Jens Nilssøn mention it was common to travel over the fjord, with Jeløya as the east quay. In a letter dated 1712 King Frederick IV asked the governor of Borre to build a larger ferry able to hold 16 horses and 50 men. With the issue of the ferry privilege of 1752 it was required that the ferry hold six horses with riders, plus ferrymen. In 1784, decisions on the ticket prices were set at 40 shillings in summer and 60 in winter for a ferryman to row a boat with twelve men across. In 1857 the route was taken over by the authorities, and the eastern quay moved to Melløsbryggen in Moss. The opening of Østfoldbanen in 1879 and Vestfoldbanen in 1881 stimulated a more stable operation. In 1884 Consul Richard Peterson started using the steamship ''Axel'' to cross the fjord, and a year later ''Bastø'' entered service, while ''Horten'' was bought as a reserve. In 1900 the company bought ''Bastø II''. The concession was taken over by AS Alpha in 1910, who also took over the ships ''Bastø'' and ''Bastø II''. AS Alpha was founded in Moss in 1892 to conduct steamship transport from Moss to Kristiania (Oslo). The first car carried across was in 1907 and belonged to Sam Eyde; it took half an hour to load it. After World War I cars were regularly transported across the fjord. The next ferry, also named ''Bastø'', was delivered in 1934 with a capacity of 400 passengers and 18 cars. It soon became too small, setting a new record of 210 cars in one day in 1937. From 1934 to 1936 the annual number of cars rose from 6,605 to 10,143. To get more capacity another ''Bastø II'' was delivered in 1939 from Moss Værft og Dokk, capable of holding 600 passengers and 34 cars. This ferry was the first roll-on roll-off (ro-ro) ferry on the route, with car access from a specially built quay. On 9 April 1940 the ferry continued its ordinary traffic in the stream of German warships, which were coming into the fjord to occupy Norway. During World War II six of the companies seven ships were taken over by the German Forces. None of the companies ships were sunk during the war, and in 1949 ''Bastø'' was built as a sister ship to ''Bastø II''. Traffic increased steadily and in 1956 the next ship, named ''Bastø I'' was delivered with a capacity of 600 passengers and 55 cars. From 1964 onwards, the route was serviced by four ferries in the summer and three during winter, with the ships ''Bastø I'' (1956), ''Bastø II'' (1961), ''Bastø III'' (1949) and ''Bastø IV'' (1964). That year 228,648 cars and 620,000 passengers were transported. Because of increased traffic and higher crew costs, the development went in the direction of larger ferries; ''Bastø V'' was delivered in 1973 with a capacity of 500 passengers and 120 cars. It was on the Moss–Horten line during summer, and on international routes the rest of the year. In 1978 it was supplemented with 1978 ''Bastø I'' that took 700 passengers and 190 cars. AS Alpha was sold to Kosmos in 1984, where it became a division named Bastøfergen. In 1989 it was sold to Gokstad AS, the private company of the retiring Chief Executive Officer Bjørn Bettum. It received the ferry ''Vestfold'' in 1991, with a capacity of 700 passengers and 250 cars. It was in traffic along with ''Østfold'' (formerly ''Bastø II''). In 1996 the company Bastø Fosen, a subsidiary of Fosen Trafikklag, received the concession for the route. In a transitions period until the new ferries ''Bastø I'' and ''Bastø II'' were delivered in 1997 it used the rented and older ferries ''Einar Tambarskjelve'' and ''Holger Stjern''. They were little suited for the route, and were in bad condition, receiving heavy protests from the users. After the new ferries were delivered, traffic increased from 600,000 cars in 1996 to 1.4 million cars in 2004. From 2001 ''Sogn'' was rented in as an extra ferry. In 2003 Bastø Fosen received an extension on their concession until 2015, and at the same time ordered the new ''Bastø III'' that was delivered in 2005. Bastø won the 4.5 billion NOK concession for the period 2014-2023, also using diesel ferries.〔Stensvold, Tore. "(Raser over anbud til dieselferger )" ''Teknisk Ukeblad'', 11 December 2014. Accessed: 11 December 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Moss–Horten Ferry」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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